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''The Etymologies'' is an etymological dictionary of the constructed Elvish languages, written during the 1930s by J. R. R. Tolkien. It was edited by Christopher Tolkien and published as the third part of ''The Lost Road and Other Writings'', the fifth volume of the History of Middle-earth. Christopher Tolkien described it as "a remarkable document." It is a list of roots of the Proto-Elvish language, from which J. R. R. Tolkien built his many Elvish languages, especially Quenya, Noldorin and Ilkorin. ==Organization== ''The Etymologies'' are not a unified whole, but incorporate layer upon layer of changes. It was not meant to be published. In his introduction to ''The Etymologies'', Christopher Tolkien wrote that his father was "more interested in the processes of change than he was in displaying the structure and use of the languages at any given time."〔''Lost Road'' p. 378〕 The ''Etymologies'' has the form of a scholarly work listing the "bases" or "roots" of the protolanguage of the Elves: Common Eldarin and Primitive Quendian. Under each base, the next level of words (marked by an asterisk) are "conjectural", that is, not recorded by Elves or Men (it is not stated who wrote ''The Etymologies'' inside Middle-earth) but presumed to have existed in the proto-Elvish language. After these, actual words which did exist in the Elvish languages are presented. Words from the following Elvish languages are presented: Danian, Doriathrin (a dialect of Ilkorin), Eldarin (the proto-language of the Eldar), (Exilic) Noldorin, Ilkorin, Lindarin (a dialect of Quenya), Old Noldorin, Primitive Quendian (the oldest proto-language), Qenya, Telerin. The following examples from ''The Etymologies'' illustrate how Tolkien worked with the "bases": * BAD- '' *bad-'' judge. Cf. MBAD-. Not in Q (). N () ''bauð (bād-)'' judgement; ''badhor, baðron'' judge. * TIR- watch, guard. Q ''tirin'' I watch, pa.t. (tense ) ''tirne''; N ''tiri'' or ''tirio'', pa.t. ''tiriant''. Q ''tirion'' watch-tower, tower. N ''tirith'' watch, guard; cf. ''Minnas-tirith''. PQ (Quendian ) '' *khalatirnō'' 'fish-watcher', N ''heledirn'' = kingfisher; ''Dalath Dirnen'' 'Guarded Plain'; ''Palantir'' 'Far-seer'. This organization reflects what Tolkien did in his career as a philologist. With English words, he worked backwards from existing words to trace their origins. With Elvish he worked both backward and forward. The etymological development was always in flux but the lexicon of the Elvish tongues remained rather stable. An Elvish word (Noldorin or Quenya) once invented would not change or be deleted but its etymology could be changed many times. Tolkien was much interested in words. Thus ''The Etymologies'' are preoccupied with them, only a few Elvish phrases are presented. ''The Etymologies'' discuss mainly the Quenya, Old Noldorin, and Noldorin languages. The text give many insights into Elvish personal and place names which otherwise would remain opaque. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「The Etymologies (Tolkien)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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